Reader, Come Home: The Reading Brain in a Digital World by Maryanne Wolf

I’ve been on a bit of journey, educating myself about the connection between reading, writing, and thinking. This started in earnest with More Than Words by John Warner. While I was reading it, the author mentioned Maryanne Wolf’s two books, Proust and the Squid – The Story and Science of the Reading Brain and this book saying “Wolf’s books explore her significant concerns about us losing our reading abilities, or even worse, raising generations of kids who do not have access to the kinds of experiences that are uniquely available through deep reading.” I was particularly interested in this book and how it looks at and compares reading in print to digital reading.

She immediately states that there is no going back from digital reading. Further, she doesn’t recommend such a course. She sees tremendous value in digital reading. It’s just that she doesn’t want us to lose the ability to read deeply that those of us in older generations learned by reading in print. She explores, through chapters she writes as letters to the reader, the way the brain learns to read. She has a few recommendations for teaching reading. One of these is to teach reading in print and reading digitally as different skills and for different purposes. This allows readers to move fluidly between both kinds of reading and teaches them when each style best serves the reader’s purpose.

This book is essential reading today. It is a voice of sanity in the reading wars and the conflict between those advocating reading digitally and those who demand we read in print. Hers is the voice saying that this isn’t a question of “either … or” but rather one of “both … and”. It should be required reading not just for every English teacher but for every teacher across the curriculum.

My rating: 5/5

In addition to my usual review, for this book I have decided to share the quotes that I highlighted while reading it. I hope between the short review and these quotes, I will entice my readers to buy the book and read it.

“When we retreat from the intrinsic complexity of human life for whatever reason, often as not we turn to what conforms to the narrowing confines of what we already know, never shaking or testing that base, never looking outside the boundaries of our past thought with all its earlier assumptions and sometimes dormant but ready-to-pounce prejudices.” — Letter Four: “What Will Become of the Readers We Have Been?”

“It is not that I prefer internal to external platforms of knowledge; I want both, but the internal one has to be sufficiently formed before automatic reliance on the external ones takes over. Only in this developmental sequence do I trust that they will know when they do not know.” — Letter Four: “What Will Become of the Readers We Have Been?” The “they” referred to are undergraduate students.

“The will that is necessary to answer these questions begins with a deeper examination of our own reading lives, begun in the last letters. Do you, my reader, read with less attention and perhaps even less memory for what you have read? Do you notice when reading on a screen that you are increasingly reading for key words and skimming over the rest? Has this habit or style of screen reading bled over to your reading of hard copy? Do you find yourself reading the same passage over and over to understand its meaning? Do you suspect when you write that your ability to express the crux of your thoughts is subtly slipping or diminished? Have you become so inured to quick précis of information that you no longer feel the need or possess the time for your own analyses of this information? Do you find yourself gradually avoiding denser, more complex analyses, even those that are readily available? Very important, are you less able to find the same enveloping pleasure you once derived from your former reading self? Have you, in fact, begun to suspect that you no longer have the cerebral patience to plow through a long and demanding article or book? What if, one day, you pause and wonder if you yourself are truly changing and, worst of all, do not have the time to do a thing about it?” — Letter Four: “What Will Become of the Readers We Have Been?”

“At some time impossible to pinpoint, I had begun to read more to be informed than to be immersed, much less to be transported.” — Letter Four: “What Will Become of the Readers We Have Been?”

“… the neuroscientist Daniel Levitin places such attention-flitting, task-switching behavior within the context of our evolutionary reflex, the *novelty bias* that pulls our attention immediately toward anything new: ‘Humans will work just as hard to obtain a novel experience as we will to get a meal or a mate…. In multitasking, we unknowingly enter an addition loop as the brain’s novelty centers become rewarded for processing shiny new stimuli, to the detriment of our prefrontal cortex, which want to stay on task and gain the rewards of sustained effort and attention. We need to train ourselves to go for the long reward, and forgo the short one.’
“Levitin claims that children can become so chronically accustomed to a continuous stream of competitors for their attention that their brains are for all purposes being bathed in hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, the hormones more commonly associated with fight, flight, and stress. They are only three years old, or four, or sometimes even two and younger—but they are first passively receiving and then, ever so gradually, actively requiring the levels of stimulation of much older children on a regular bases. As Levitin discusses, when children and youth are surrounded with this constant level of novel, sensory stimulation, they are being projected into a continuously hyperattentive state.” — Letter Five: The Raising of Children in a Digital Age {Is this the source of so much youth anxiety?}

“Knowing research about the development of literacy is a very good thing; knowing what to attend to in one’s own child overrides everything I can ever say—or write—about any medium or any approach.” — Letter Six: From Laps to Laptops in the First Five Years: Don’t Move Too Fast

“European children who began instruction in what we would consider first grade acquired reading more readily than those who began a year earlier.” — Letter Seven: The Science and Poetry in Learning (and Teaching) to Read

“In the first quarter of our century we daily conflate information with knowledge and knowledge with wisdom—with the resulting diminution of all three.” — Letter Nine: Reader, Come Home

“If we in the twenty-first century are to preserve a vital collective conscience, we must ensure that all members of our society are able to read and think both deeply and well.” — Letter Nine: Reader, Come Home

“The great, insufficiently discussed danger to a democracy stems not from the expression of different views but from the failure to ensure that all citizens are educated to use their full Intellectual powers in forming those views. The vacuum that occurs when this is not realized leads to ineluctably to a vulnerability to demagoguery, where falsely raised hopes an falsely raised fears trump reason and the capacity for reflective thinking recedes, along with its influence on rational, empathic decision making.” — Letter Nine: Reader, Come Home

“Just as I worry that in their overreliance on external sources of information, our young will not know what they do not know, I worry equally that we, their guides, do not realize the insidious narrowing of our own thinking, the imperceptible shortening of our attention to complex issues, the unsuspected diminishing of our ability to write, read, or think past 140 characters. We must all take stock of who we are as reader, writers, and thinkers.” — Letter Nine: Reader, Come Home

More Than Words: How to Think About Writing in the Age of AI by John Warner

I regularly read John Warner’s newsletter “The Biblioracle Recommends”. I thoroughly enjoy his takes on reading and writing there. So, when he started mentioning a book he was working on about the intersection of AI and writing, I was intrigued. I bought a copy on the day of release (4 February 2025) and recently finished reading it.

Warner is a former college writing teacher and currently a columnist for the Chicago Tribune. His book addresses the concern that many have of how the growth of generative AI tools (like ChatGPT) may affect writing and how it is taught. In short, the author’s view is that we are looking at the question the wrong way. In fact, he says that AI can’t read or write. Sure, it produces text through an automated guessing process that churns out grammatically correct text. But that isn’t writing. Only humans can read and write. About the concern of using ChatGPT in education: “Students using ChatGPT to complete assignments that don’t mean anything to them and seem unconnected to learning is only sensible. This is not a character defect of students but the sign of a bad disconnect between schooling and learning.”

The other main idea that I really connected with is that writing is a process not an output. “The economic style of reasoning [that stresses efficiency above all else] crowds out other considerations—namely, moral ones. It privileges the speed and efficiency with which an output is produced over the process that led to that output. But for we humans, process matters. Our lives are experienced in the world of process, not outputs.” Human beings aren’t efficient. Trying to make them so turns us into machines and automatons. This book is well written and essential reading in today’s world.

My rating: 5/5

Creating Short Fiction: The Classic Guide to Writing Short Fiction By Damon Knight

When I was teenager, I read a lot of short stories and even outlined an idea for a novel. I’ve published one short story here on my blog. And I’ve considered doing more. In fact, I have quite a long list of books about writing. I have found this one to be the most informative and useful so far.

The author takes the reader through the steps of writing a short story (or any story, really) from developing your talent and turning ideas into stories to beginning, controlling, and finishing a story. I took a lot of notes that I expect I will be referring to as I start to write more. The tone of the book is very conversational. It feels like the author is there at your shoulder, coaching you through the process. Many helpful exercises are included.

I read almost exclusively on my ereader. To read this one, I needed to borrow a physical copy from the library. Before I was even half way through it, I knew I would want a copy for myself to refer back to. So I bought the ebook and finished reading it there. If you have any interest in writing stories of any genre, I highly recommend picking up a copy of this classic.

My rating: 5/5

The Work of Art: How Something Comes from Nothing by Adam Moss

This book has been brought to my attention at least three times through podcasts I listen to or newsletters I read. It was named as one of the best books of the year for its unique look at the work of creativity. Due to my interest in writing and the level of praise it’s received, I picked it up. It definitely lived up to its billing.

Each chapter of the book is the result of an interview by the author with an artist where he tried to get at what the process of creativity looks like. This includes many artifacts of the artists as they worked: drafts, notes, correspondence, etc. The breadth of artistry was wide including painters, playwrights, singers, songwriters, authors, and sculptors among many others. One of my favorite features of the book is the footnotes. They read like the author’s own notes on reviewing his text. They help to connect the wide variety of insights where they overlap. I found it essential to the books utility.

The writing is direct and easily accessible for such an esoteric subject. Words are hard to apply to a process that is so far from linear. There is a lot of gut feeling in this and the exploration of what that means. Each chapter is self-contained, and they can be read in any order. I read them sequentially, finding that very satisfying despite the author’s invitation to jump around. This is a book that is unique in its subject matter. I am not sure anyone else has set out to get at how art gets made in quite the same way. The author succeeds in drawing the reader into the often messy and hard to pin down process that is making art. Engaging and fascinating.

My rating: 5/5

Here by Richard McGuire

I first learned about this book from a movie trailer I randomly came across on YouTube. The director who made Back to the Future, Cast Away, and Forrest Gump is directing the movie Here staring Tom Hanks and Robin Wright. To be honest, the movie didn’t look that interesting to me. The fact that it told the story of one corner of a house throughout thousands of years of history just seemed too limiting to make for a very interesting movie. But when I heard that it was based on a graphic novel, I was intrigued. As a book, that concept might work. So I requested it from my library.

The graphic novel focuses on a corner of a living room in a house somewhere in North America, perhaps New England. The panels on each page show things from different times in that same room. Here is a sample of how it looks.

There are very few words on the page. The “reader” is left to contemplate the juxtaposition of the collages on each page. It explores how similar we are across the ages, while at the same time illustrating the enormous change across our planet over the millennia. It’s not a riveting piece of storytelling. But it is a unique experiment in storytelling. It doesn’t take very long to get through and is worth each moment spent in contemplation.

My rating: 4/5

(Don’t) Stop Me If You’ve Heard This Before by Peter Turchi

Against a creme colored background, two men talk on a two cans a with string "phone". The string forms the word "don't" as part of the title.

Here is another book on writing from my list. It is somewhat unique in my experience. It doesn’t talk generally about the normal aspects of writing, like theme, plot, and characters. It also doesn’t discuss the mechanics of writing or publishing, no schedules or how to find an agent. Instead, it gets into the nitty gritty of how to apply specifics using the general tools of creative writing.

As an example, the first chapter gets into how to write more dynamic scenes. The author shows how this is done with examples from published fiction. Then he breaks down how it works. Similarly, in chapter two, he goes into the classic advice “show don’t tell” and dismantles it a bit. Sometimes you have to tell. And he shows how to do this well, again, using published examples. What I appreciate most about this writing book is that it is a fantastic combination of writing advice and literary critique, showing how using these together can improve your writing.

The most direct advice and how to are in the appendices. These include direction on how to workshop, how to annotate and read like a writer, and a resource list of other books on writing. If you are serious about creative writing, this might be a really good place to start your self-education.

My rating: 4/5

The Creative Act: A Way of Being by Rick Rubin

Centered on the cover is a large black-lined circle with a black dot in the center. The title is in small letters in the upper right while the author's name is in small letters in the lower right.

I first heard about this book during an interview with the author on the podcast People I (Mostly) Admire. I knew that Rick Rubin was a famous music producer. Not being a musician myself, I wasn’t all that interested in his book. I figured that it was just another celebrity memoir about all the famous people he worked with. Interesting, but not really my thing. I learned from this interview that I was wrong and decided to read it.

In fact, this book is not a memoir at all, at least not in the traditional sense. It is more a series of short essays on the creative process. In its tone and approach, it reminded my of The War of Art by Steven Pressfield. That book focuses on the challenges of Resistance and how to overcome it. This book is broader in scope and shares ideas on how to nurture creativity and get your art into the world.

My favorite aspect of the book is that right up front he acknowledges that some of the suggestions contradict each other. He doesn’t see that as a problem (nor do I), and simply suggests that you take what works for you and leave the rest. The book is suggestive rather than didactic. If you are looking for a step-by-step guide to creativity, this is not it. But if you are looking for tips on how to nurture the messy journey that is the creative life, this book is for you.

My rating: 5/5

The Best Day of My Life

The author seated at his desk writing on his laptop. A bookshelf and standing desk with computer are in the background.

About ten years ago I was a Sunday School teacher. I was always looking for ways to make Bible stories more meaningful to my students. I often retold them in modern language comparing them to how they might be told today. So one day on a business flight, I wrote a modern version of the parable of the prodigal son.

I am no longer a Sunday School teacher, nor do I even attend church. The best way to describe me might be agnostic or even atheist. My religion is kindness and compassion, so the parables of Jesus still touch me deeply. I took a creative writing course last year and picked up that old short story and worked on it some more. Now I feel like it is finally ready to share. I hope you enjoy it.

It started my senior year of high school. I was tired of school. A lot of my classmates felt the same. We called it “senioritis”. For me, college was out of the question. I was done. No more living by someone else’s rules. I wanted out.

Unfortunately, my dad had other plans. He’d been saving since before I was born to send me to college. You see, despite being a successful businessman, he had never attended college himself. And sending me was the dream he’d been saving for my whole life. And I was about to kill that dream.

I stood up from my bed, walked out of my room and down the stairs to my dad’s home office in the front of our house. As I raised my had to knock on the door, I paused to take a deep breath. I mentally ran through the arguments I had been rehearsing for weeks and rapped on the door.

“Come in,” my father responded. I reached down and turned the cold brass French door handle, entering his office. He sat behind a large desk facing the door. As I entered the room, he stood with a big smile on his face. “What can I do for you, son?”

“Do you have time to talk? I know you’re a busy man.”

“Of course. What’s on your mind?”

My father and I both sat down. The office was L-shaped and in front of the bay window there was a coffee table with two facing couches. We sat across from each other.

I decided to just rip the band aid off. “I don’t want to go to college, Dad. I’m tired of being trapped in a classroom. I want to experience life, live it, not put it off for another four years.”

“You seem to feel strongly about this. Tell me what you’re thinking.”

I took a deep breath. “I know that my going to college is a big dream of yours, but it isn’t for me. I’m more like you. I’m a hands on kind of learner and doer. I hope you can understand.”

“I never want you to feel like you’re living my idea of your best life. At the same time, I want to make sure you are thinking this through. What will you do if you don’t go to college?”

“I plan to start my own business. I even have my business plan here. You taught me well.” And I handed him the folder I had brought with me outlining what the business was, including how and when I would become profitable. “I only lack the start up capital. I was hoping I could use my college fund for that.”

Silence hung in the air as my father reviewed my paperwork. I couldn’t tell what he was thinking. My heart raced as I waited for him to respond. Finally, he closed the folder and looked up.

“Everything here looks good. Are you sure this is what you want to do?”

“Absolutely, Dad. I’m sure.”

“Then I will give you a check after you’ve graduated from high school and you can get started. I think you have a good shot at succeeding. I’m proud of you. This couldn’t have been easy for you.”

I was speechless. It can’t be that simple. He didn’t argue. He didn’t seem angry. He’s proud of me!

He stood with his arms out as he approached me on the other sofa. I fell into the offered hug. “Thank you, Dad. This means the world to me.”

* * *

Dad was true to his word. During my graduation party, he handed me an envelope with a check. It was more than enough for me to start my business. Shortly after, I said good bye to my father and older brother and left home for the city where I established my business.

Surprisingly, it was highly profitable almost immediately. The company grew from just a few employees to hundreds within the first few years. And I was reaping all the benefits. I spared no expense for myself. I had a penthouse apartment, parties nearly every night. Booze. Drugs. Women. Whatever I wanted.

And I completely forgot my family. I didn’t call once. Any time my dad phoned, I had some “urgent” business to attend to and cut the call short. Eventually I just stopped answering his calls, and he stopped calling.

Eventually, the business leveled off and stopped growing, but my spending habits didn’t. It started to put a strain on the company. I laid off some employees. Then the economy collapsed and the business failed completely. I lost my apartment. In a few short months I went from respected business owner to unemployed, homeless, and hungry.

I was living on the street when I came to my senses. I could go home. Given the way I left and ignored my family I couldn’t just walk in the front door and announce my presence. I couldn’t imagine that going over very well with either my father or my brother. I was completely humiliated and pride almost kept me away. But in the end I was so hungry I decided to return.

I didn’t expect my father to receive me as his son. In fact, I was pretty sure he had completely disowned me. But I couldn’t know that because I hadn’t spoken to him in years. I rehearsed my speech in my head over and over.

“Dad, I really messed up. I don’t even consider myself your son any more. I don’t expect something for nothing after the way I’ve treated you these last few years. I’m only hoping you will hire me at one of your companies. I am completely broke, homeless, and hungry. I’m desperate. I’ll take any entry level position available. Please, I need your help.”

With this speech tucked away in my mind, I set off for home. Being penniless, I walked the entire way. It took me three days to walk from the city where I had my business to my family’s home in the country. I ate little and slept where I could find shelter from the elements. By the time I could see my family home in the distance, I was a complete wreck. My feet hurt. I was filthy. I am sure I must have stunk something awful. My clothes were hanging in tatters and what was left of my shoes was duct taped to my feet.

As I slowly and painfully made my way up the hill, I started to make out a car in the distance coming toward me from the house. As it got closer, I recognized the car and the driver. It was my father. I figured he was just on his way to do some business in the city, but as he got closer, the car slowed down. Suddenly, the car stopped and my father jumped out of the driver’s seat. Despite my filth and stench from my long journey, he ran up to me with a big grin and shining eyes and threw his arms around me in a giant bear hug that lifted me off the ground. He held me for what felt like five minutes, nearly crushing the air out of me. When he put me down, he held my shoulders and looked me up and down. It was only then that I noticed the tears on his face. Figuring they were tears of bitter disappointment, I launched into the speech I had rehearsed so many times.

I was so ashamed, I couldn’t even look him in the eye. As I stood there trembling, waiting for his response, I stared at his shoes. At first I only noticed how nice they were in contrast to my worn out dirty duct tape shoes. But in the continued silence, I noticed that his shoes weren’t tied. He must have thrown them on in a hurry and not bothered to tie them. It was then that I looked up into his eyes. They swam in tears that had not yet fallen. His face was contorted in an attempt to hold those tears back. Heedless, the tears began to slowly trickle from his eyes onto his cheeks.

This was not the greeting I expected. I thought he would be angry. But these were not tears of anger. The look on my father’s face was… unreadable, at least to me. What was he thinking? The silence seemed to last forever. As I stared at him blankly, trying to understand, he said to me, “Son, I love you. Nothing can ever change that. When I hadn’t heard from you in a year, I started trying to find you, just to see if you were OK. I found you, but I didn’t want to insert myself into your life uninvited. After the crash, I lost track of you. I feared the worst. I thought you might be dead. After dressing this morning as I looked out the window, I saw you in the distance. Sure, you were dirty and looked nothing like I remember, but I somehow knew it was you. I threw my shoes on and ran downstairs to my car. I have never run so fast in my life; I almost fell down the stairs! As I approached you, I started to think it might not be you, that maybe I had made a mistake. But no, it is you! You are alive! Thank God!” And with that I was buried in another giant bear hug.

I was stunned! The next thing I know, my dad has put me in the front seat of his car and driven me home. Once there, he calls all his friends, neighbors, employees – heck, everyone he knows – to come over, and he starts a big neighborhood block party in my honor. I didn’t really understand what was happening or why. I was just grateful to get a shower. Granted, I had no idea what I was going to wear when I was done since the only clothes I owned were literally rotting off my body. I must have been half an hour in that shower enjoying the drum of the water on my back as it massaged the soreness out of my muscles. The steam filled my nostrils, as did the smell of clean as I washed my old life down the drain with the dirt and the blood. I still wasn’t sure what to expect from my father, but I was sure that I was going to do my best honor to him and all he was doing for me.

When I finally got out of the shower, I discovered a set of the highest quality, most comfortable looking clothes I had ever seen. I put them on slowly, enjoying the way their softness enveloped me, reminding me of a gentle version of how my father had held me in the street not an hour ago. When I finally left the bathroom, my dad was waiting for me. He whisked me out to the party bellowing for everyone’s attention. “Excuse me, excuse me! I apologize for the interruption of the festivities, but I have something very important to say. This is my son, missing all these years! I thought he was dead, but he shows up out of nowhere today – alive! Let us celebrate!” And we did.

When I left my father’s house to start my own business all those years ago, I thought that was the best day of my life. I was wrong. My homecoming was.

Not For Me

I have in interest in writing, though most of my own writing is simple journaling. I have written one short story that I have shared with a few people and in a writing class. That class made me even more interested in learning to write better. I have collected quite a number of books on writing in my “to read” list.

One of those books is Reading Like a Writer by Francine Prose. I have to admit that I only got to the third chapter. Near the beginning of that chapter, the author puts forward a 134-word sentence as an example of a good sentence. She even writes, “Despite its length, the sentence is economical.” I couldn’t disagree more. This was not a sentence. It was a paragraph! And it wasn’t all that clear to me. There were some other things earlier in the book that I also disagreed with, so when I got to this “economical” sentence I called it quits. There are too many good books out there for me to spend time on one that is clearly not for me.

The Undiscovered Joy of Writing

I’ve been interested in writing for a while now. I’ve created a long “to be read” list of books about writing. Once of those is Anne Lamott’s Bird by Bird. This book is a collection of short essays about the life of writing, including such topics as Getting Started, Shitty First Drafts, and Finding Your Voice. Some of them are less directly about writing itself, like Looking Around and Radio Station KFKD.

A main focus of the book is encouraging the reader to write, not with the goal of being published, but for the sheer joy of it and the unanticipated benefits is brings. Among these are a deep connection with your fellow human beings. She encourages the reader to write what they know starting with their childhood. She includes the idea of writing about the nasty or abusive lover. Just be sure to change enough details (including giving him a small penis) that he won’t sue for libel.

This book won’t take the place of a writing course or a more detailed book on the craft of writing. But it does a masterful job of sharing the ups and downs of a writers life, encouraging the reader to write despite the fact that their chances at publication, followed by fame and fortune, are minuscule at best. She teaches that the writing life is deeper and more satisfying than that.